Chapter 1 of Class X

Chapter – 1

Introduction to Internet

II Descriptive Type Questions

      A.      Very short answer questions.

1.       Give full forms of TCP and IP.

TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol

IP stands for Internet Protocol.

2.       Which organization develops standards for the evolution of the World Wide Web?

World Wide Web Consortium, popularly known as W3C, develops standards for the evolution of the World Wide Web.

3.       Name any two popular ISPs in India.

a.       Airtel             b.    MTNL

4.       What do you mean by World Wide Web?

World Wide Web is an Internet – based network of servers that are interconnected through hypertext.

5.       What is URL?

The Uniform Resource locator is the unique address or location of a document on the World Wide Web.

       B.      Short answer questions:

1.       Protocols are a set of rules that computers use to communicate logically.

The two protocols used by the computer to run internet are: TCP / IP.

2.       The process of converting a digital signal into analog signal is called modulation whereas when an analog signal is converted to digital signal is called demodulation.

3.       Routers are devices that direct Internet traffic by determining the bet path that can be taken, whereas modems help to connect to the Internet through telephone or cable lines.

4.       The various methods to connect to the internet are:

a.       Dial- up connection

b.      Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN)

c.       Broadband

d.      Digital Subscriber Line

e.      Cable Services

f.        Satellite Service

g.       Wireless Service (Wi-Fi)

5.       Abbreviations are as follows:

a.       .org                                –             Non-profit Organizations

b.      .com              -              Commercial Organizations

c.       .edu               -              Educational Institutions

d.      .net                -              -              Networking Organizations

C.      Long Answer Questions:

1.       The internet is not governed by one person or a particular organization. There is no governing body of the Internet. Different volunteer groups have been formed that help coordinate and guide the technical aspects of the Internet.

                              i.      Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) this body is responsible for developing and maintaining communication protocols, resolving problems, and coordinating new services.

                            ii.      Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) – This body looks intro long – term research issues.

2.       There are two major ways to connect to the internet namely Wired Connection and Wireless Connection. These are further divided into the following:

                              i.      Wired Connection – in case of a wired connection, usually a telephone or a cable wire is used to connect the computer to the Internet. It is further divided into:

1.       Dial-up Connection – it is a connection between the computer and the ISP with the help of a modem.

2.       ISDN – ISDN lines are used to transmit data over digital telephone lines.

3.       Broadband connection – Broadband Internet access or only broadband, is a high data rate transmission rate Internet connection. Speed is measured in kbps or Mbps.

                         ii.         Wireless Connection – This connection connects to the Internet and transmit data using radio waves or microwaves. This connection includes:

1.       Wi-Fi – It stands for Wireless Fidelity provides wireless access to computer networks. It refers to a LAN that uses high- frequency radio signals and/ or infrared waves to send and receive data over short distance with high speed.

2.       Wi-max –It stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access and is a wireless technology to access Internet at a very high speed. It uses radio signals or microwave link to transmit data from one computer to another.

3.       Role of a web server is as follows:

                                                i.      It is a program that uses the client / server model and the world wide web’s Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and serves the files from Web Sites to Web Users.

                                              ii.      Web Server helps to deliver content that can be accessed through the Internet.

                                             iii.      Examples of some Web server programs are Apache, IIS( Microsoft Internet Information Server), Sun Java System Web Server etc.

4.       The difference between HTML and HTTP re as follows :

HTML	HTTP
1.       It stands for Hypertext Mark Up Language.	1.       It stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
2.       A language used to code information on the Web sites.	A communication protocol used to transfer all kinds of information on the Web.

5.       Letter Addressing System :

·         Popularly known as DNS (Domain Name System).

·         The Web address of any computer or network can be given using alphabets.

·         Examples :edu, org, com, in, us etc.

Numbering Addressing System

·         Provides a unique network number i.e. IP address to the host.

·         IP address is comprised of 4 numbers each less than 256, joined together.

·         It is divided into two parts, namely, Network part and Host part.

·         Example: 132. 168. 1. 100